Economic development do not cause deficit of women

The last paragraph in page four of “More than 100 Million Missing Women” by Indian philosopher and economist Amartya Sen discusses about the relationship between economic development and deficit of women. He states, “Certainly all the countries with large deficits of women are more or less poor” (Sen, 4) through this statement we can understand that there are more missing women in poor countries. Therefore if there is an economic development the standard of life of a woman might also become better. He supports this claim by giving an example that if women were provided with better hospital facilities “the rate of maternal mortality at childbirth can be expected to decrease” (Sen, 5). Hence, economic development do not cause deficit of women.
To prove that economic development do not cause deficit of women Sen provides a data which states “Punjab and Haryana –among the richest and most economically advanced Indian states have very low ratios of women to men (around 0.86), in contrast to the much poorer states of Kerala, where ratio is greater than1.03. (Sen, 5) This evidence implies that the state with higher economic development has deficit of women whereas the state having poor economic development has no deficit of women. The first example shows that there is direct or positive relationship between economic development and the population of women because if the economic development is high then she would get other facilities and there would be better survival rates. But in the second illustration shows he inverse relationship between economic development and population of women because in economically developed state there is deficit of women whereas the economically poor state has higher rate of women’s population. The writer uses illustrations, data, statistics, and comparison between two states or countries to support his claim.
The main idea of the essay “More than 100 Million Missing Women” is to inform, create awareness among people regarding the difference in the population of men to women and persuading the audience to react by suggesting ways to remove this inequality. The main idea of the paragraph I have chosen is about the economic development and the population of women. This paragraph supports the main claim of the essay clearing the doubts and confusions regarding the economic development and population of women
Works cited
Sen, Amartya, “More Than 100 Million Missing Women.” Nybooks Archives. Dec 20, 1990. Mar 31, 2013.

Failure providing women with proper nutrition and health care: A reason for Sen’s “missing women”

Amartya Sen in his essay “More than 100 million missing women” writes about the missing women from the world’s population. He also gives his argument to show the reasons of these missing women and how can we understand the reason behind these missing women and react to them. In the second paragraph of section 1 Sen mentions that “women outnumber men substantially in Europe, US and Japan” (Sen 1) though there is discrimination of men and women in higher education, job specialization and promotions, where men receives more advantages, but it has a population ratio of women higher than that of men. Sen states that these is ratio is because women suffers less discrimination in terms of basic nutrition and health care. Other reasons for the greater number of women in these regions might be due to social and environmental differences that increases the chance of Mortality among men than women.(Sen 5) It is said that this is because men are more prone to die from violence and diseases such as smoking. Even it is biologically proved that women have higher resistance to disease than men. In but in contrast to Europe and US this scenario is completely opposite in most of Asia and North Africa. In these regions women receives mal-nutrition and less medical care than women. Failure is also seen in providing good social services to women, which results in less number of women than men. Immediately following birth, death rate of  women is higher than men as at this stage women is more affected by disease and also suffers as they are neglected to give proper nutrition and medical and health care. For all these reason in most part of Asia and North Africa and lesser extent Latin America has a less proportion of women population than men. After stating the reason for the difference in men to women ratio Sen also provides a solution to overcome this difference. He suggests that this difference can be overcome if women are also provided with proper nutrition, medical and health care, and social services. In these paragraphs Sen provides a very strong logical evidence to show the reason of the missing women from some parts of the world. His evidences are very strong enough to convince the reader that women also face discrimination even in terms of their basic or daily needs. This paragraph strongly claims his argument which leads to the whole argument in his essay about the missing women and the reason behind their missing.

Work cited

Sen, Amartya, “More Than 100 Million Missing Women.” Nybooks Archives. Dec 20, 1990. Mar 4, 2013.

Why Are the 100 Million Women Missing? Because of the Economical Structure or Because of the Culture?

“More than 100 Million Missing Women,” is an unabridged statistical document of the Indian economist and Novel Laureate Amartya Sen, where he discusses thoroughly the gender ratios worldwide and in less developed regions comparatively. He points out the fact that how the environment where a woman grow up, the culture of that environment and the views and perceptions of people of that environment towards that woman, tremendously effect the rate of her life expectancy. In the second paragraph of the 5^th section in page 11 of the text, Sen adopts an informative tone by using some effective evidences to illustrate on his claim that if a woman get her basic rights of living including educational right and economical right, from the society, her chance of surviving increases, even more than a man.

            At the beginning of the paragraph, when Sen says, “gainful employment is not the only factor affecting women’s chances of survival. Women’s education and their economic rights-including property rights-may be crucial variables as well,” he infers that may be “gainful employment” for women, which means being an earning member of the family, getting recognition for their work is not the one and only way of decreasing the mortality rate of women, but providing them education and giving them economical rights can be some of the most important factors to do so. For proving his argument, he brings out the example of India. In India, some of the most economically advanced regions (for example- Punjab and Haryana) have greater inequality than less lucrative regions (Kerala) because of the culture and people’s perspective regarding the issue of women’s education of these areas. He shows his readers the statistics of the ratio of women to men in these areas, incorporating with his logic that is education and economical right can be crucial factors for women’s survival. When he talks about Kerala, he says, “consider the state of Kerala in India……it does not have a deficit of women-its ratio of women to men of more than 1.03 is closer to that of Europe,” he implies that though Kerala is not that much economically advanced area of India, the rate of mortality of women is much less here than the richest areas of India. He also provides the information that why it is happening so in Kerala. He says, “…..Kerala’s remarkably high literacy rate; not only is it much higher than elsewhere in India, it is also substantially higher than in China, especially for women.” By providing this information, Sen boosts his claim by showing that in spite of being a poor region, Kerala’s high literacy rate (that definitely happened because of the culture of that area) among women is increasing their life expectancy and education is playing a vital role here, not the economical structure of that area. According to him, religious and cultural norms are deeply rooted factors in the gender gap and these factors are responsible for making the women “missing,”

WORK CITED

Sen, Amartya. “More Than 100 Million Missing Women.” Nybooks Archieves. 20 Dec. 1990.

            Press. 31 Mar. 2013   

Education: Solution for solving the serious problem about ‘missing women’ all over the world

Noble laureate, Amartya Sen in his article “More than 100 million missing women” portrays the condition of women in South Asia and provides reasons for the difference in the ratio of women to men in Europe, North America, South Asia, West Asia, China and also provides reasons to show why the ratio of women to men in Europe and North America varies from South Asia and West Asia. In the second paragraph of section 5 by using the example of Kerala he explains the reasons for the difference in the result and also offers a solution to solve this serious problem (11). From the statistical data about the higher ratio of women to men in Kerala it is evident that gainful employment, women’s education, economic rights, property rights are factors responsible for raising women’s chances of survival (11). At the same time, literacy rate is one of the most important factors which are responsible for higher ratio of women to men (11).
He also mentions” Kerala’s ratio of women to men of more than 1.03 is closer to that of Europe (1.05) than those of China, West Asia, and India as a whole (0.94).” That means even though Kerala is an Indian state its ratio is similar to that of Europe because it has higher literacy rate. He also compares the ratio of Kerala with Punjab in order to show that even though Punjab is one of country’s richest states, the ratio is lower for Punjab in compared to Kerala. That means economic condition of a state or a country is not the pioneer issue for the difference in the ratio of women to men. Gainful employment is also available in Punjab. The difference between these two states is in literacy rate. Only, for this difference the Kerala’s ratio is ‘much higher than elsewhere in India.’
This paragraph clearly supports the thesis that Sen poses at the beginning of the article: “How can we understand and explain these differences, and react to them?” He uses Kerala as an epitome for showing that literacy rate enhances ratio of women to men. At the same time, he proved that misconception about the cultural difference between east and west and economic development is not responsible for lower ratio of women to men. His main idea behind this paragraph is to show the readers that higher literacy rate is the solution for raising the ratio of women to men. That is we can ‘react’ to the serious problem and can resolve it with the help of education.
Works Cited
Sen, Amartya. “More Than 100 Million Missing Women.” Nybooks Archives. Dec 20, 1990. Mar 31, 2013.

Women’s Employment And Its Effects on Women

Economist Amartya Sen, in his article’s third section talked about women’s employment and its effects. Here, he considered practical observations and experiments which show that “gainful” employment (outside employment) develops the treatments towards women. He also argued that this “gainful employment” can give women easier access to income, improve their social respect and status, provide them safety and security along with “corresponding” rights and provide outer world experience as it is “educational” (Sen 7).
In this paragraph mentioned above he provided “empirical” evidence which is based on “studies of particular localities” (7). He shows logical reasons that if women are given the opportunity to work outside home, rather than household chores, they will become more independent with their own income. Subsequently, when women get the independence to earn for their family, they get the chance to influence family matters and it results in upraise in their social respect and status (7). This reasoning that the author shows, supports his argument that women’s outside employment improves their life standard, as it makes the reader think logically that “gainful” employment actually improves women’s life. He also says that this employment will provide safety and security to them, which can make women’s economical status more stable and can be “educational” too (7). His reasoning about safety and security strengthens his argument by emphasizing on the need of women’s outside service. But he does not show any hard fact or statistics which might have been a stronger support to his argument of women’s employment. Here, Sen emphasizes on women’s role in economical sectors which leads to their development in every field, starting from family, social and personal life.
In Sen’s article “More Than 100 Million Missing Women” his main argument is: the women do not get equal rights as men, as for economical and cultural factors. So, in the paragraph mentioned above, he talked about women’s empowerment and their economical and social development. Here he argued that if women are given enough opportunities to support themselves and their family, it will make their root in society stronger. His argument in this particular portion well supports his argument in whole, as it reflects the need of women’s employment and empowerment, taking men and women to an equal state of economy. However, will the social norms which hold back women from taking part in the economy, let women get economically free?

Works cited
Sen, Amartya, “More Than 100 Million Missing Women.” Nybooks Archives. Dec 20, 1990. Mar 31, 2013.

How Much Economy Matters in the Ratio of Women in Third World Countries?

More than 100 Million Missing Women is an research article of Amartya Sen where he focuses on the issue of ‘missing women’ by which he means the inequality between the number of male and female in the world population that is the showcase of inequity that women face because of gender discrimination. According to him this issue has received ‘inadequate attention’ and so he tries to persuade his readers by describing the problem of ‘missing women’ scrutinizing the reasons behind it and tries to figure out a solution. In this article he uses many hard evidences like: data, statistics, figures, ratio and comparison among different countries and societies to demonstrate the impact of economy and culture on the ratio of men and women.
The fourth paragraph of section one of this article directly supports the main claim of the author about ‘missing women’ and also shows evidence on the support of one of Sen’s claim about the influence of economy over the men and women ratio. The women in the ‘first world’ countries (European countries) are considered to have more facilities and so the ratio of women to men is almost equal there unlike the ‘third world’ countries (Asian and African countries). It can be assumed that the economic development of the European countries is affecting the increasing number of women there but Sen opposes against this assumption in this paragraph by showing the evidence of Sub-Saharan countries where poverty is acute, Southeast Asia, East Asia where the ratio of women to men is almost equal as European countries. He says, ‘The ‘third world’ in this matter is not a useful category.’ (Sen 2) He also mentions about the diversities within the regions of ‘third world’ countries where economic status does not support the condition and the status of the women rather the culture does. In the third and fourth paragraph of section five he says that in Kerala the literacy rate is high, women have more career opportunities and they have the tradition of women inheriting the property—these facts contributes to the increasing number of women in Kerala. So here the culture of Kerala is more effective than their economic condition He gives evidence of Punjab and Haryana which are richest state of India has the lower ratio (0.86) of women than Kerala where women to men ratio (1.03) is similar to the countries of Europe , North America and Japan.
From the hard evidences Amartya Sen uses in this paragraph and the comparison he makes between the first world countries and third world countries, it is demonstrated that economic status is not the only reason behind the ‘missing women’, the culture of the society also plays important role in this case which helps to illustrate the author’s reasoning behind ‘missing women.’
Work cited
Sen, Amartya, “More Than 100 Million Missing Women.” Nybooks Archives. Dec 20, 1990. Mar 4, 2013.

“The Paragraph, which supports Sen’s Main Argument”.

Economist, Amartya Sen, in his essay “More Than 100 Million Missing Women” indicates the declining condition of the population of women comparing to the men, especially in the orients area than from the population of the occident areas. The writer gave some reason behind the difference among the number of men and women. The main reason behind this unusual ration is the neglect that women face in the Asian country than from the European Countries. Sen also includes the social, cultural and economical reason behind this problem. The author supports his claim on the third paragraph of the second page by using the evidence of logos.
In order to support his claim the author gives the data of the ratio of the men and women in China and India to calculate the number of missing women in the South Asia. According to Sen there will be “6 percent deficit of women” (Sen, 01). The reason behind this deficiency is the inequality in the health care they receive between men and women. But, if we compare the ratio among the people who receive similar health care the deficiency will be more. In Sen’s word “the real shortfall is about 11 percent” (Sen, 01). If we compare it with China than the number of missing women is 50 million alone in that country, which leads us to 100 million missing women when added in South & West Asia and even North Africa. This information clearly supports the claim that Sen made in his article. Sen used the data’s ant rates of the missing women as an evidence to support his claim in this paragraph, which also supports the claim that Sen made in his whole article.
The writer supports his claim by giving the statistics of the ratio of men and women in this paragraph by using logos, which at the same time supports his whole argument of the article.
Work cited
Sen, Amartya, “More Than 100 Million Missing Women.” Nybooks Archives. Dec 20, 1990. Mar 4, 2013.

a paragraph supporting the claim of the article

According to me, the fifth paragraph of the first section—in the second page—in Amartya Sen’s article “more than 100 million missing women” is the paragraph which has a strong significance to support his claim that is women are mostly deprived and victim of discrimination in Asia and Africa which is causing them to be “missing” by which means the death of the women. This paragraph describes about how the developed country like India and china is contributing in the deprivation of women though people have fallacy that the discrimination will be less in the developed country. Even their contribution is so big that it covers half of the actual numbers.
In this paragraph Amartya Sen uses evidences where most of them are statistics. He uses percentages and ratio and shows the facts about India and China. He shows that “the low ratio of 0.94 women to men in South Asia, West Asia” and also talks about China which has “6 percent deficit of women” which impacts the women rights. The strongest evidence in this paragraph is China alone covers the “50 million” of those 100 million women. And he shows the fact that when all the other part of the world—South Asia, West Asia and North Africa is added it just becomes more than 100 million as he states in his title. In this paragraph he shows the evidence even though the countries like India and China is developed, still there are inequality and negligibility towards women which causing the surplus death of the women.
This paragraph shows that if we think that the mortality rate is high in the east than west because they are more developed, then it’s wrong and he shows the facts about India and china. India and china is strongly developed while still there are discriminations and it’s much higher than the other countries. Only china has 50 million missing women, which is quite shocking. It strongly supports his claim and shows that the reason behind this discrimination in Asia and Africa is not just the development, it can also occur in a developed country and it is actually higher in the Asia and Africa in any condition.
Works cited:
Sen, Amartya, “More Than 100 Million Missing Women.” Nybooks Archives. Dec 20, 1990. Mar 4, 2013.

One Paragraph Which Can Interpret The Whole Text

In the last paragraph of the first section of the article “More than 100 Million Missing Women”, Amartya Sen recounts that the number of missing women in countries like China, India, or Africa can be estimated through comparing the men to women ratio of these countries with the countries where men and women receive equal care. And the survival tendency of women is declining due to the unequal treatment they accept from their countries.
Sen includes direct ratios and percentages to proof and support his claim. He first supports by implying that women are declining by 6% when he talks about India and China and shows that the ratio there is only 0.94. But later, he further analyzes that the actual difference is about 11% as the ratio of women is 1.05 when men and women get similar care. These clear facts and statistics have been used as strong logos in Sen’s article. If this 11% is being calculated in China, then only in China, this 11% is about is 50 million women. And, this is logical for the readers how more than 100 million women are missing.
Accord
ing to me, this paragraph played an important role to support Sen’s whole article because in this paragraph, he focuses on how he estimated 100 million women as missing. He emphasizes on the ratio and percentages he mentioned, which he uses to convey his idea about this critical issue. And these two ratios and the comparison between the countries give us the idea that the women in India and China are victims of lower treatment and they are deprived of their rights. Sen’s use of logos for his arguments helps the readers to realize his purpose and accept his claim.
Work cited
Sen, Amartya, “More Than 100 Million Missing Women.” Nybooks Archives. Dec 20, 1990. Mar 4, 2013.

Be Always An Important Factor of Change – Education

In the fifth part – the last part – of his essay “More than 100 Million Missing Women”: “Of course, gainful employment… especially for women” (11), Amartya Sen comes to his second argument in order to help the readers understand and explain the differences of the ratios of women to men in different countries , or even regions in a country: the education and economic rights for women. Through this paragraph, Sen also suggests the solution to “react” to the different ratios as a serious problem around the world.
Sen effectively proves his point by providing the hard evidences such as facts as well as the statistics. Beginning his supporting details, he presents a state in India, Kerala, with its outstanding ratio of women to men. The number of the ratio of women to men – 1.03 – in Kerala itself tells us the extraordinary difference between this state with other states in the whole India as well as in many countries in Asia, such as China. Sen emphasizes the fact that Kerala “does not have a deficit of women” (11). He also points out with the specific statistics that in Kerala, women’s life expectancy of at birth in 1981 was 68 while men’s was just 64. At the end of this paragraph, Sen discloses the reason why Kerala can accomplish that achievement by the fact that “Kerala’s remarkably high literacy rate” (11). By providing such powerful evidence, in this paragraph, Sen successfully convinces the readers the influence of education to change the inequality.
This paragraph properly supports to the thesis that Sen raises at the beginning of his essay: “How can we understand and explain these differences, and react to them?” (1) By pointing out the education factor with hard evidences, Sen clearly explain the difference of ratio of women to men in the world, rebutting to the simplistic explanations about the differences of culture or economic factor. He also answers the question he himself poses: to “react” to this situation, education is the key to succeed, like Kerala – the epitome of applying education for women which successfully elicits women’s well-being as well as women’s employment.

Works Cited
Sen, Amartya. “More Than 100 Million Missing Women.” Nybooks Archives. Dec 20, 1990. Mar 31, 2013.